


/.•i-;?^-\ c°^iat'^.*°o /.•i.;^.\ /•^a';i-*^ 






SUPPLEMENT TO THE EMANCIPATOR. 



A LETTER 



THOMAS CLARKSON, 



JAMES 9ROPPER 



PREJUDICE VINCIBLE; 



THE PRACTICABILITY OF CONdUERING PREJUDICE BY BETTER 
MEANS THAN BY SLAVERY AND EXILE ; 



IN RELATION TO THE 

AMEKICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY. 

BY C. STUART. 



-Op'en tb, n.o«th. pdge nghteously. and plead the cause of the poo. aad needy.»-P.o.. x„i. 0. 
RE-PRINTED FROM AN ENGLISH EDITION. 



1833 



-1^ 



INDEX. 

Letter to Thomas Clarkson, by James Cropper, ------. --..3 

Description of Liberia, - .--.---.-.-.__5 

Fundamental Principle of the American Colonization Society, ----..--5 

General Obsf^rvafions, ........._...__. .5 

duotations from Reports of the American Colonization Society, ---.-■- .5 
Real and proposed remedies contrasted, --..----.....7 

Assertions and Evidences, ................g 

Evi's incident to all Colonies on the African coast as long as negro slavery lasts, ..... II 

Evidences in favor of the free colaf ^i JBoplc, - ---.......12 

Contrast between Jamaica, and aoJ 5Te United States, --.-..-..12 

Our duty, ,-- ...-.-......'. 13 



A I.ETTEI1 TO THOMAS CLARKSON, 






JAMES CROPPER, 



Liverpffol, lOlh month 2(1, 1832. 
?viT DEAR Friend — 

It has caused mc deep regret to sec thy name 
amongst those ot^many long tried friends of hunaanity 
^s supporters of the American Colonization Society. — 
Though I am not surprised that many, under the 
mask of a voluntary and prosperous settlement of free 
'blacks on the coast of Africa — a measure in which 
«vcry friend of humanity must rejoice — have been 
'led to support a scheme the nature and effects of which 
are of a very different character. 

In judging of this scheme we ought never to lose 
sight of two facts with respect to the enslaved Afri 
cans in the United States, in which the enormities of 
that free country have exceeded those of any otlier. — 
The first is, that slaves are regularly bred for sale. — 
The second, that in many of the States the laws af- 
fecting free blacks are of so violently persecuting a 
character as to compel those who obtain their liberty 
to leave those States.. From the former of these cau- 
ses, instances must often occur (from the state of 
morals in slave countries) of fathers selling their own 
children ! ! From the latter has originated the Colo- 
nization society; it arose out of those prejudices against 
color, and is a direct attempt to extend the same prin- 
ciple to transportation. 

Why are slave-holders so anxious to send away free 
people of color? Because their slave institutions 
would be endangered by thccompetitien of respecta- 
ble free black laborers ; and they dread slill more 
their education and advancement in science. If they 
were desirous to serve the free blacks they would 
instruct them at home, (not a few of them, but every 
one that they send,) and not send them, in ignorance 
to a barbarous countiy. 

To this real scheme of transporting the people of 
color a professed one is attached, for the ultimate ex- 
tinction of slavery, by the transportation of the whole 
black population to the coast of Africa; and we are 
gravely told that one hundred thousand slaves are rea- 
dy to be given up, if means can be found of sending 
them to Africa ! A most extraordinary statement, and 
one for which I believe there is no foundnt i, in ei- 
her fact pr probability. Can it be beli" • ? 5hat the 



slave-holders of tlie United States are ready to give up 
their property, worth at least five millions sterling ? 
— a liberality unheard of since the foundation of the 
world. In all the rest of the United States, enough 
to pay the expense of their emigration cannot be rais- 
ed, and hence it is sought for in England. If there 
was any truth in this wonderful statement, we must 
all of us have been sadly deceived about the debasing 
effects of slave-holding on the minds of those enga- 
ged in it. No other occupation ever produced such 
extraordinary liberality. 

It would be interesting to know to what class these 
men belong. Is it the practice of selling their own 
children which has produced this extraordinary effect ? 
Or are these men amongst the slave-buyers, who pur- 
chase them for no other purpose than to give them 
their freedom so soon as the means of sending them to 
Liberia can be found? Is it not strange indeed, that 
any man can be bold enough to make assertions so 
obviously at variance with truth ? 

To whatever extent this transportation of slaves was 
carried, the slave-holders know that the price of those 
slaves which remain would be enhanced, and their 
condition embittered, by the removal of all hopes of 
liberty, so precious to the human soul. The free col- 
ored people I)eing kept few and poor, will be preven- 
ted from rising, by fair competition, to the equal rank 
and honorto which that competition naturally conducts, 
when not marred in its progress by some such scheme 
as the American Colonization Society. No wonder 
that with the exception of some who do not understand 
the plan, the planters are friendly to the colonization 
scheme. But the free people of color are opposed to 
this scheme. They have comm'rtted no crime, and -do 
not like to be transported and to suffer the highest 
penalty of the law next to death. 

To whatever cxtcRt the United States expatriate 
their cotton cultivators they destroy one of the chief 
-inews of their own prosperity, and increase the temp- 
tation to other states to renew the slave trade by fresh 
importations. The whole revenue of the United States, 
for fully thirty years to come, would be required to 
purchase the slaves and to transport them and the free 
blacks to Afric «. Such an idea as the extiactioii «£" 



Bkvery by means of the Colonization Society can 
never have been seriously contemplated. No! per- 
petuation, and not extinciimi of slavery, i? its obicct! 

The first command ever j^iven to r.^a;i Mas " Be 
fruitful and multiply." Who can doubt thai it is :'or 
his interest to obey this and every other command of 
God? But in no case is it so manifest as when in a 
state of slavery. The value of men, as of every oth- 
er commodity, is governed by their plenty or scarcity ; 
where they are so abundant that parishes are willing 
to pay the expenses of emigration to get rid of them, 
there must be an end of slavery. Every increase' of 
numbers tends, whilst it is a proof of better treatment, 
to promote the mitigation and final extinction of sla- 
very: audit must be admitted that the Americans 
evince this proof of good treatment. 

The slaves in the United States have rapidly increas- 
ed, and this increase has been highly beneficial to the 
cause of humanity. It is estimated that they havei 
increased since 1S03, (the time of both our and their 
abolition of the slave trade,) from 1,130,000 to 2,010,- 
OOO, and they have mote than trebled the growth of 
cotton since the peace in 1814, and have reduced its 
price to one-Uiird of what it then was, though the Bra- 
zils, with all their slave trading, have only added one- 
fourth part to their growth of cotton in the same time. 
Hence it is plain, that if there has been any increase 
in the cotton cultivators of Brazils, few or no slaves 
can have been imported for its cultivation. May we 
not then say that the increase of the slavu population 
of the United States has done more than all our enor- 
mous expenditure for the suppression of the African 
slave trade ? 

It cannot but be interesting to thee to know what 
■would have been the efiect^of a similar increase in the 
English West Indian slaves. H?.d they increased in 
the same proportion as those of the United State? 
(since the abolition of the slave trade) their numbers 
would have been 728,317 more than they now arc, 
which, if employed in the cultivation of sugar, would 
have been sufticient to have produced an increase of 
240,000 tons annually, whilst all the slave trading of 
the Braxils and Cuba and the French colonics have 
only added 115,000 tons to their growth. Such an in- 
crease of sugar would have greatly reduced its price. 
and consequently the price of slaves, and thereby 
have destroyed the slave trade for the growth of sugar, 
as it has long since extinguished that for the cultiva- 
tion of indigo, and moro recently for the growth of 
cotton. 



The disguise is now removing, and the real ip.nAm 
cy of the society is becoming apparent. A bill was re 
ported to the House of Delegates of Virginia for scnc 
ingthe free blacks away by force; but though tin 
compulsory clause was rejected, it is added that sev- 
ral other motions wcr-> made, and decided by major 
tics which amply proved the determination of tli 
House, to adopt some measure for the removal of th 
free blacks. These legislators admit that the fr( 
blacks will not leave the land withont some sort i 
force; which nmy either be absolute, or by renderin 
their situation absolutely intolerable. 

Great injury has been done to the cause of negi 
emancipation by the encouragement which the agei 
of this most diabolical scheme has received from th 
sanction of thy name. The term diabolical is not tc 
severe ; for never did Satan, M-ith more success, tran 
Iforra himself into an angel of light than m the gloi 
which has covered its deformities. 

These persecuted free blacks view the whole pla 
with the abhorrence which is justly due to it, and ws 
which we should view a plan of general transport 
tion from the land of our nativity. The slave-owne 
are its advocates and suppoiters. Surely the name 
Clarkson will be withdrawn from the ranks of the o 
pressors, and will be found, as it has ever yet bee 
amongst the friends of the oppressed African race. 

Let us repair the injury which has been done \ 
both sides of the water by this unholy connexion Ij 
twcen slave-holders and philanthropists ; for since tli 
scheme has been on footits deadening influence ont 
energies of the friends of humanity in the United Sta1j 
has been most manifest. 

Let there no longer be any doubt which side is 
ken by the philanthropist of England. Let them 
clare their deep feeling of sympathy with thc.ve sor 
persecuted and oppressed people; and such an exa 
pie will be followed in the United States, where 
friends of humanity will hasten to leave the ranks 
the oppressors, and the cause of justice will agi 
flourish. 

May I particularly request thy attentive peru 
ofthe following twenty pages, writtt^n by my Trie 
Charics Stuart, one of the most devotifd Christian 
have ever known, and an unwearied advocate sf 
oppressed Africans, 

I am, with great regard, 

Thy sincere friend, 

JAMES CROPPER 



PREJITDICE VINCIBLE, &.C, 



Conflicting statements having been plAced before 
ti\e pnblic on the subject of the American Coloniza- 
tion Society, the writer is led by what he deems a sol- 
-cinn resjard for truth and duty, to offer the following 
■evidence in relation to it: 

Liberia is an American settlement on the western 
-roast of Africa, about 206 miles southward of Sierra 
Leone, in lat. 6 deg. 30 min. N. and Ion. 11 deg. W. 
Its principal point is Cape Mesurado, on which Mon- 
rovia, its capital, is built. The settlement comprises 
a small domain, immediately around Mmi^'ovia, pur- 
•chused from the native chic/.;, and is io ^sely said to 
consist of a much larger territory, because the native 
chiefs have merely put themselves, during pleasurs, 
under its protection. Cape Mesurado is a fine eleva- 
ted spot, completely ventilated and drenched ^y•ith 
the fresh, moist, sea air, extending two or three miles. 
The rest of the territory differs in nothing materially 
from the fertile and imperfectly cultivated continental 
sea coasts of the regions of the equator. Vessels of 
moderate burthen only can enter its harbor. 

The American Colonization Society founded anO 
supports Liberia. It was commenced in 1817, and ot 
late has obtained considerable attention. Its funda- 
mental principles are embodied in the two fust arti- 
■cles of its constitution, and are as follow : 

Article 1. "This Society shall be called 'The 
American Society for Colonizing the Free People of 
'Colour of the United States.'" 

Article 2. " The object to which its attention is to 
be exclusively directed is to promote and execute a 
plan for colonizing (with their consent) the free jjcople 
of colpr residing in our country, in Africa, or such 
other place as Congress shall deem most expedient," 
fee. 

The broad facts of the case are these : 

The whole population of the United States is about 
13,000,000. Out of this upwards of 2,000,000 are held 
in a most degrading and brutal state of personal sla- 
very, under laws worse than even those of the v/retch- 
ed slave c-olonies of Great Britain. 

Out of the v.hole, 330,000, tliough free, are in most 
cases only partially so ; and are exposed to an exceed 
ingly malignant ar,d destructive persecution, merely 
because lliey have a skin diticrenily colnrcd from the 
remaining eleven and a kalf millions of their lellow 
subjects. 

Both those two persecuted classes arc rapidly in- 
creasing. Their increase terrifies the slave party, and 
fills them with anxious musings of danger. 

The glaring contradiction of a free people being a,, 
slnve-holding people ; of eleven or twelve millions o 
men, calling themselves the most free in the world 
keeping upwards of 2 000.000 of their unoffending fel- 
low subjects in the most abject and degrading slavery, 
affects many, and urg£s them to seek a remedy. The 
word of God stands out lx;forc others, and bids them 



blush and tremble at the guilt and danger of thei. 
country, while the smothered cry of the oppressed 
and unoffending poor rises incessantly to God agamst 

*^From this state of things it was that the Americari 
colonization Society arose; by thi? state of things^ 
is that the American Colonization Society subsists. 
It is agreeable to the slave-master, for it calms his tears. 
It offers a remedy to the man who mourns over the dis- 
honor and inconsistency of his country ; and to tne 
man who fears God, it commends itself by pretendmfir 
to do all that it can for the unoffending poor. . 

The views of its advocates are frankly expressed in 
its own constitution as above quoted, and in '^s own 
reports. I refer to them all, particularly to the three 
last, 13th, 14th, and 13th, and submit from them Uie 
following quotations : 

1. 1 3th Report, pag- 44 :— " The present number of 
this unfortunate, degraded, and anomalous class ot in- 
habitants cannot be much short of half a million, and 
the nvimbLris fast increasing. They areemphaticallj 
mildew u'^oa our fields, a scourge to our backs, and a 
stain upon our escutcheon. To remove them is mer- 
cy to our=,olves, and justice (!!!) to them." 15th Ke- 
port, pao-c 24 :— " The race in question were known, 
as a class, to be destitute, depraved, the victims ot ail 
forms of social misery. The peculiarity of their tate 
was, that this was not their condition lay accident or 
transiently, but inevitibly and immutably, whilst they 
remained "in their present place, bv a law as iniallible 
in its opo; ation as any of a physical nature." In same 
15th Report, page 25:— "What is the free black to 
the slave ? A sUndi;ig, perpetual excitement to dis- 
content The slave would have then little excite- 
ment to c'iscontent, but for the free black, he would 
have as little to habits of depredation, his next strong- 
est tendency, but from the same source of deteriora- 
tion!!! Ingettinjrrid, then, of the free blacks, tho 

slave will be suvedTrom the chief occasions for sutter- 
ms:, and the owner from inflicting severity." 

2. 1 5th Report, papc 26:— "If none were drained 
away, slaves became inevitably and speedi y redun- 
dant, &c. &c. When this sta.crchad been reached, what 
c.ur-e or remedy remainod f Was open hntchei-y tohe^ 
resorted to, as araon;r the Spartans with the helots; 
or <^cr)eral etrMiicipallon atul incorporaticn, as in ..^outli 
America; or ahamfor.vunt of the ccimtry by the mas- 
tera ?''* Either of those was a deplorable catastro- 
phe- could all of them be avoidod? and if they could, 
how .' "There was but one way, and it was to provide 

•In conlpmplotinc tlicse altPrnativrs, how c.nn we sufflcicnt. 
Ivftrlinirethe goncUiess of God In havinir piovutPil tliiit the 
increase o( eUve" shall necessarily lead to emancipatmn ana 
incorooriUionl And how can we be sufficiently sirucX with 
horror at the deliboralc and Insolent cruelty of man, in dcvls- 
'>.' schemes like this for ll.c perpetuation of slavery .-J. fc-. 



■t,nd keep open a drain for lite excess of iiicvcasc, beyond 
the occasions of profitable employment, &.c. &c. This 
drain was already opened." The ^^fncan Repository, 
vol. 7, pac:e 246, says, " Enoacrh, under favorable cir- 
cumstances, might be removed for a few successive 
years, if young fema'es loere encouraged to go, to keep 
Ihe whole colored population in fAfc/c .'.'.'" How dread- 
ful thus coolly to rend asunder the sexes which wer'" 
made to be each other's mutual strength and solace 
through earth's dangerous pilgrimage !! And in i>age 
232, anticipating within two generations a result of 
forty v/hit'?s to one black, it declares that all uheasi- 
ness would then be at an end. 

3. In 14th Report, pages 12 and 13:— "Andtb- 
slave-holder, so far from having just cause to com- 
plain of the Colonisation Society, has reason to con- 
gratulate himself that in this institution a channel is 
opened up, in which the public feeling and public ae- 
'■tion can flow on without doing violence to Ids rights ! 
The closing of this channel mi^ht be calamitous to 
the slave-holder beyond his conception ; for the stream 
of benevolence that now flows so innocently in it 
might then break out in forms even far more dlsas- 
^:rou3 than abolition societies and all their kindred 
:and ill-judged measires." 

Report of Pennsylvania Colonization Society for 
1. The Evils which need a Remedy. Remedy needed. Remedy proposed by the American Col- 

onization Society. 
1. The brutal and degrndinz per- The immediate abolition, by a well The sending to Africa under circum- 
sonal slavery of upwards of 2,000,000 digested legislative enactment in each stances as favorable as in their power, 
unoffending subjects of the United slave Statelind in Congress, of the bru- of as many of the enslaved and unof- 
States. tal, criminal, and luinous system of fending negroes as their own masters 

negro slavery, and the immediate sub- may please' to emancipate for that pur- 
stitution in i<s place, of a law worthy pose, 
of a great, free, and enlightened coun- 

"■y- 



1830, page 44. — " The Society proposes to send, not 
one or two pious members of Christianity into a fo- 
reign land, but to transport annually, for an indefinite 
number of years, in one view of its scheme, 6000, in 
another 56,000 missionaries (!!!) of the descendants of 
Africa itself, to communicate the benefits of our reli- 
gion, and of the arts. And this colony of missiona- 
ries," &c. That i!^, six or fifty-six thovsand of the dc- 
sraded and anomalous wretches who are said to be a 
vnldein upon the fields of America, and a scourge to 
the backs, and a stain upon the escutcheon of the 
white people of the United States, are to be trans- 
formed annually, by transportation to Africa (with 
their own consent) into an army of jiussimianM, com- 
municating the benefits of religion and the arts ! ! ! 
In further pursuing this subject, I purpose 

1. To contrast the evils which need a remedy, and 
Ihe remedy needed, with the remedy proposed by the 
American Colonization Society. 

2. To ask how far the remedy thus proposed may 
fairly be expected to remove the evils in question. 

3. What are the feelings of the free-colored people 
themselves respecting this remedy ? 

4. Have wc any other evidences ? 

5. What is our duty ? 



2. The cruel and criminal prejudice 
against the free culored people, and 
the dreadful persecution to which it 
Bubjects them. 



3. The African slave trade contin- 
ued. 



4. The moral wretchedness of Af- 
rica. 



5. The ruinous nondition of the 
Blave States. 

6. The terrors of the slave-masters. 



The union of Christians and philan- 
thropists of every class, espcrially of 
the jt/irnsicrs of the Gonpel, to brand 
that base and destructive prejudice ev- 
ery v.'hrre with the infamy which it de- 
serves, and to extend the cherishing 
arms of heavenly love tocomf.jrt, sup- 
port and establish in their native coun- 
try all who are outraged by it. 

The immediate and uruversal aboli- 
tion of its only source and support, ne- 
gro slavery. 

Select missionary efforts, such as are 
using elsewhere, multiplied and exten- 
ded. 



Tlic convetsion of their slave labor- 
ers into free laborers — of their unwil- 
ling into willing hands. 

Undissembling repentance, and fruits 
meet for repeniance ; and for this pur- 
pose the continual setting before them 
of their .'■in; and, mora-lly speaking, 
giving ihcm no peace in their iniquity. 



The sending to Africa, under circum- 
stances as favorable as in their power, 
of as many of the sufferers as they can 
get to go or to send. 



The scttlenTint of a free colored col- 
ony, under circumstances as favorable 
as in their power, upon the coast of Af- 
rica. 

The sending to Africa of a mixed 
crowd of wretches declared to be too 
bad generally speaking, to be safely al- 
lowed to remain in their native coun- 
try, under the presumption that landing 
them in Liberia will qualify them to be 
missionaries of the gospel. 

The removal from the United Statos 
as quickly as possible of a vast propor- 
tion of all it.? laboring strength. 

Removing, as condescendingly as 
possible, as many of the objects of their 
terrors as they wish to get rid of, that 
they may keep the remainder as long 
as they please, without fear. 



Such, I think, are the chief evils set forth in this So- 
ciety's reports. Such are the plain and simple reme- 
dies which duty undeniably requires ; and such are the 
remedies proposed by tlie American Colonization So- 
ciety. 

2. — Hoir far may the remedies thus proposed he fairly 
tspected to remove the evils in question ? 

I put it to the independent understandings of my fel- 
low mtn ; I entreat them to weigh each enl for tfieia- 



selves, %vith its remedy, real and proposed; and I ask, 
as far as the Americaii Colonization Society succeeds, 
whatmustbethecondition of the massot wretches that 
continue enslaved, when, year after year, all hopes of 
liberty are more and more extinguished, and nothing 
but strengthening despotism remains? When every 
brute shall be more and more at liberty to pollute them 
with impunity, and when every barrier to holier allien^ 
ceg shall be more and more proudly closed ? 



1. what kind of a remedy will it be to the brutal en- 
stavement ot two millions, increasing at the rate of 50,- 
000 annually, that annually a few hundreds (or thou- 
eandd if it should ever be) have their slavery commu- 
ted into transportation. The few who are benefited not 
being righted, but only suffering a lesser instead of a 
greater wrong ; while the two millions who remain are 
still increasing in number and sinking in degradation. 

2. What kind of a remedy is it to the dreadful per- 
secution which the 3 or4 or 500,000 free colored people 
are suffering in the United States, that a fragment of 
them are removed annually to a foreign land, ^vith their 
bion consent, while the multitude who remain are sub- 
jected to aggravated persecution ? 

3. How can the African slave trade be effectually 
prevented, while negro slavery, its only source, remains? 
Or what power can the Americans have in attempting 
to abolish the slave trade in Africa, excepting that ot 
mere brute force, while they have a slave trade at home, 
nurre criminal than that of Africa, and almost as cruel ? 

4. How can the moral wretchedness of Africa be 
remedied by an influx of degraded and untutored 
minds? And what will the Africans think, when in- 
formed that these .Imericans, who are so busy about 
freedom on the African coast, are slave-masters, or 
encouragers of slave-masters at home ? 

5. How can the ruinous condition of the slave states 
be rempdied by transporting almost the whole of their 
laboring strength to a distant country ? 

6. And what good will it be doing the slave-holder 
to give him peace in his sins? To make it as pleasant 
and as safeforhim asyoucan,tocontinuetoplunderanG| 
to oppress the unoffending poor? Will that he loving 
him ? Will his soul bless you for such love, when his 
whiter skin no more elates him with pride, and when he 
meets his slave, no longer a slave or a negro, but like 
himse'f, a deathless soul, to be judged, without re- 
spect of persons, by the impartial law of unalterable 
righteousness ? 

3.^-fVfiat are the feelings of tfie free colored people 
themselves respecting this remedy ? 

In 1817, at the first formation of the American Col- 
onization Society, they thus expressed themselves at a 
public meeting, at Bethel Church, in Philadelphia, 
James Forten being their Chairman: — 

"Whereas, our ancestors (not of choice) were the 
first successful cultivators of the wilds of America, we 
their descendants feel ourselves entitled to participate 
in the blessings of her luxuriant soil, which their blood 
and sweat manured ; and that any measure, or system 
of measures, having a tendency to banish us from her 
bosom, would not only be cruel, but would be in direct 
violation of those principles which have been the boast 
of this republic. 

"Resolved, That we view with deep abhorrence the 
un'^erited stigma attempted to be cast upon the reputa- 
tion of the free people of color, by the promoters of this 
measure, 'that they arc a dangerous and useless pait 
of the community,' when in the state of disfranchise- 
ment, in which they live, in the hour of danger they 
ceased to remember their wrongs and rallied round th' 
standard of their country. 

"Resolved, That we never will separate ourselves 
voluntarily from the siave population in this country ; 
they are our brethren by the ties of consanguini- 
ty, of suffering, and of wrong; and we feel thattherc 
is more virtue in suffering privations with them, than 
fancied advantages for a season. 

"Resolved, That having the strongest confidence in 
the justice of God, and in the philanthropy of the free 
Stales, we cheerfully submit our destines to the guid- 
ance of Him who suffers not a sparrow to fall without 
his special providence." 



And this meeting, immediately afterwards, puf forvh' 
the following address : — 

To thehumang and benevolent inhabitants of the city «■: 

cowity of Philadelphia, 

[extracts.] 

"We have no wish to separate from our present 
homes for any purpose whatever. Contented •■^■\th c.rr 
present situation and condition, we are not depirou:' ••• 
increasing their prosperity but by honest efforts, and by 
the use of those opportunities for their improvement, 
which the constitution and laws allow to all. It is, 
therefore, with painful soHcitude, and sorrov^ng ;"- 
gret, v.e have seen a plan for colonizing the free peopio 
of color of the United States, on the coast of A i.;' y 

"We /u(;7!6fi/, respectfully, and fervently intr''--t ai.i' 
beseech y':'ur disapprobation of the plan ofcoloi '.ulion 
now offered by the American Society for coloni;/.nia :li« 
freepeople of color of the United States.' Here, i" 'ii ' • ' - 
ty of Philadelphia, where the voice of the suffering b^ns 
of Africa was first heard ; where was first commenced 
the work of abolition, on which Heaven has smiled, 
for it could have had success only from the Great Mas- 
ter ; let not a purpose be assisted which will stay the 
cause of the entire abolition of slavery in the United 
States, and which may defeat it altogether; which 
proffers to those who do not ask for them, what it calls 
benefits, but which they consider injuries, and which 
must insure to tlie ninltitudcs whose prayers can only 
reach you through us, misery, sufferings and perpetual 
slavery. 

(Signed) "James Forten, Chairman. 

"RussEL Parratt, Secretary." 



Extract from an Address to the Citizens of 
New- York, Jan. 1831. 

"It is evident to ciny impartial observer, tsiat 
the natural tendency of all their speeches, re- 
ports, sermons, &c. is to widen the breach b"^- 
t ween lis and the whiles, and give to ;^r; m 
dice a tenfold vigor. It has produced a rii. la- 
ken sentiment towards us. Africa is c(n- 
sidertd the home of those who had ne>er 
seen il'^sliores. The po'>r, ignorant slave, M-ho 
in all probability, has never heard the name of 
Christ, by tlie colonization process is suddenly 
transformed into a 'missionary,' to instruct in 
the principles of cliristianity, and the arts of 
civilized life. The Friends have been the last 
to aid the system pursued by the society's ad- 
vocates. And we say (for we feel it") that in 
proportion as they become colonizationi.sts, 
they become lc?s active and less (riendly to 
our welfare, as citizens of the United States. 

"Tliere does exist iti the United Slates a pre- 
judice against us ; but is it unconquerable ? Is 
it not in the power of these gentlemen to sub- 
line it? If their object is to benefit us, why not 
better c-.:r condition here ? What keeps us 
^^wn but the want of wealth ? Why do we 
not accumulate wealth ? Simply because we 
are not encouraged. If we wish to give our 
hoys a classical education, they are refused ad- 
mission into your colleges. If we consume our 
means in giving them a mercantile education, 
you will not employ them as clerks ; if they 
are taught navigation, you will not employ 
them as captains. If we make thera meehaa- 



8 



ics, you will not encourage tlieni, nor will 
white mechanics work in the same siiop with 
them. And with all these disiibilities, like 
mill-stones, about us, because we cannot point 
out our statesmen, bankers and lawyers, we 
are called an inferior race. 

"These gentlemen know but little of a large 
portion of the colored population of this city. 
Their opinions are forniijd from the unfortunate 
portion of our people, whose characters are 
scrutinized by them as judges of courts. Their 
patrician principles prevent an intercourse with 
men in the middle walks of life, antong whom a 
portion of our people may be classed. We ask 
them to visit the dwellings of the respectable 
part of our people, and we are satisfied that 
they will discover more civilization and refine- 
ment than will be found in the same number of 
white families of an equal standing. 

"Finally, we hope that those who have so 
eloquently pleaded the cause of the Indian, will 
at least endeavor to preserve consistency in 
thejr conduct. They put no faith in Georgia, 
although she declares that the Indians shall 
not be removed but wiih their own consent. — 
Can they blame us if we attach the same credit 
U) the declaration, that they mean to colonize 
us onli/ with our consent 1 They cannot indeed, 
use force; that is out of the question. But they 
harp so much on 'inferiority, prejudice, distinc- 
tion,' and whatnot, that there will be no alter- 
native left us but to fail in with tlieir plans.— 
We are content to abide where we ai^. We 
do, not believe that things will always continu 
the same. The time must come when the de 
claration of independence will be felt in tho 
heart as well as uttered from the niouth ; and, 
when the rights of all shall be properly ackowl- 
edged and appreciated. God hasten that time ! 
This is our home, and this our country. Be- 
neath its sod lie the bones of our fathers : for it 
some of them fought, bled, and died. Here we 
were born, and here we will die." 

(Signed) "Samuel Ennals, Chairman." 

'Dec. 25, 1830.' 

Extract from the Brooldyn Aildress, 
June^ 1831. 

"We truly believe that many gentlemen who 
are engaged in the Colonization Society are our 
sincere friends and well wishers ; they wish to 
do something for us, consequently they have 
subscribed largely to it, because there was no 
plan on foot. Some of them have been delu- 
ded into its schemes, with a view of thorough- 
ly civilizing Africa, by our free people of color 
and emancipated slaves, who may, from time to 
time, be colonized on its coast, with their own 
consent. We conceive that such measures are 
fraught with inconsistency, and in no way cal- 
culated to liave such an effect. To send a par- 
cel of unlnstructed, uncivilized, and unchristian 
people to the western coast ofAuica, with Bi 
bles in their hands, to teach the natives the 



truths of the gosina!, social happiness, and mor^ 
al virtue, is mockery and ridicule in the ex- 
treme. 

"Missionary families should be well instruc- 
ted in the rudimen ts of our holy religion, that 
their example may shine forth as hghts in that 
much neglected .and benighted land. 

'•Many wish us to go to Africa, because they 
ay tiiai our consdtutions are better adapted to 
that climate th;in this. If so, we woiUd 
ask why so many of our hearty, hale, and heal- 
thy countrymen, on arrhivg in that country, 
fall victims to the malignant fevers and disor- 
ders prevalent i)/, those reffionsl We would 
observe that nont -■ are exempt i'rom being touch- 
ed with the coni agion. It operates more se- 
verely upon tho-!e from the higher latitudes. 

"Brethren, it is time for us to awake to our 
interests, for the colonization society is strain- 
ing every nerve for the accomplishment of its 
objects. They have got the consent of eleven 
states, who have instructed their senators to do 
something in the next congress for our removal. 
Maryland calls imperatively on the general 
government to send us away, or else they will 
colonize their ovvji free blacks. They have by 
their influence, stopped the emancipation of 
slaves in a measur e, except for colonization pur- 
poses. « 

'We pray the Lord to hasten the day when 
prejudice, inferiority, degradation, and oppres- 
sion will be done away, and the kingdoms of 
this world become the kingdom of God and 
his Christ. 

(Signed) "H. C. Thompson, Chairman." 



Extracts from the JVew-Haven Addi-ess, 
Atigust, 1831. 

'•Resolved, That we consider those christians 
and philantropists, who are boasting of their 
liberty and equality, saying that all men are 
born free and equal, and yet are endeavoring to 
remove us from our native land, to be inhuman? 
in their proceedings, defective in their princi- 
ples, and imworthy of our confidence. 

'■'•Resolved, That we consider these coloni- 
zationists and ministers of the Gospel, who are 
advocating our transportation to an unknown 
clime, because our skin is a little darker than 
theirs, notwithstanding God has made of one 
blood all nations of men, and has no respect 
of persons, as violators of the commandments 
of God and the laws of the Bible, and as trying 
to blind our eyes by their vain movements — 
their mouths being as slippery as oil, and their 
words sharper than a two edged sword. 

^'Resolved, That it is our earnest desire that 
Africa may become speedily civilized, and re- 
ceive religious instructions ; but not by the ab- 
surd and invidious plan of the colonization soci- 
ety, namely, to send a nation of ignorant men to 
leach a nation of ignorant men. We think it 
most wise for them to send missionaries. 

^'Resolved, That we know of no other place 
that we can call our true and appropriate home,. 



9' 



excepting tlicse United Hlalts, into wliicli our 
fathers were brouglit, who enriched the coun- 
try by their toils, and fought, and bled, ana died 
iin its defence, and left us in its possession ; and 
here we will live and die." 

(Signed) "Henry Berp.ian. Chairman." 

Auhist 81 h, 1831. 



Extracts from PUtshurgh Resolutions, September, 1S31. 

"Resolved, It is the decided opinion of this meet- 
ing that African colonization is a scheme to <lrain the 
better informed part of the colored people out of tlaesc 
United States, so that the chain of slavery may be riv- 
eted more tightly. 

"Resolved, That we, tlic colored people of Pitts- 
burgh, and citizens of these Unitt-d States, view the 
country in which we live as our only true and proper 
home. We are just as much natives here as the mem- 
bers of the Colonization Society. Here we were born, 
here bred; here are our earliest and most pleasing as- 
sociations; here is all that binds man to earth, and 
makea hfe valuable. And we do consider every color- 
ed man who allows himself to be colonized in Africa, 
or elsewhere, a traitor to our cause. 

"Resolved, That we, as citizens of these tJnited 
States, and for the support of these resolutions, with 
aiirm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, 
do mutually pledge to each other our lives, our for- 
tunes, and our sacred lienor, not to support a colony 
in Africa nor in Upper Canada, nor yet emigrate to 
Hayti. Here we were born ; here will wc die ; and 
let our bones lie with our fathers. 

(Signed) "J. B. Vashon, Chairman." 

Sept. 1, 1831. 



Extracts frorn the Wilmington Address, Delaware, 
July, 1831. 

**We are natives of the United States ; our ances- 
tors were brought over to this country by means over 
which they had no control ; we have our attachments 
to the soil ; and we feel that we have rights in common 
with other Americans; and although deprived, through 
prejudice, from entering into the full enjoyment of 
those rights, we anticipate a period, when, in despite 
of the more than ordinary prejudice which lias been 
the result of this unchristian scheme, "Ethiopia shall 
stretch forth her hands to God." But that this formi- 
dable society has become a barrier to our improvement, 
must be apparent to every individual who will but re- 
flect on the course to be pursued by the emissaries of 
this unhallowed project, many of whom, under the 
name of ministers of the gospel, use their influence to 
turn pubhc sentiment to our disadvantage, by stigma- 
tising our morals, misrepresenting our characters, and 
endeavoring to show what they are pleased to call the 
sound policy of perpetuating our civil and political 
disabilities, for the avowed purpose of indirectly for- 
cing us to emigrate to the western coast of Africa. — 
That Africa is neither our nation nor hom.e, a due as- 
pect to the good sense of the community forbids us to 
attempt to prove ; that our language, habits, manners, 
morals, and religion, are all different from those of Af- 
ricans, is a fact too notorious to admit of controversy. 
Why then are wc called upon to go and settle in a 
country where we must necessarily be and remain 
a distinct people, having no common interest with the 
numerous inhabitants of that vast and extensive coun- 
try? Experience has proved, beyond a doubt, thai the 
dimate is such as not to suit the constitutions of the inhah- 
Hants oj this country. The very numerous instances of 



mortalil}' amongst the emigrants whohave been indu- 
ced to leave this their native for their adopted country, 
clearly demonstrate the fallacy of those statements so 
frequently made by the advoctites of colonization in 
regard to the healthiness of Liberia. 

"That we are in this country degraded, we are truly 
sensible; that our forlorn situation is not attributable 
to ourselves is admitted b}^ the most ardent friends of 
colonization ; and that our condition cannot be better- 
ed by removing the most exemplary individuals of 
color from amongst us, we are well convinced, from 
the consideration that in the same ratio that the indus- 
trious part would emigrate, in the same proportion those 
'hat would remain wordd become more degraded, v^rttched, 
aid miserable, and consequently less capable of apprecia- 
ting the many opportunities that are offered for the moral 
and intellectual improvement of our brethren. 

"But if this plan is intended to facilitate tiio emanci- 
pation of those who are held in slavery in the South, 
and the melioration of their condition, by sendingthem 
to Liberia, we question very much whether it is calcu- 
lated to do either. That the emancipation of slaves 
has been measurably impeded through its induence, 
except where they, have been given up to the Board 
of Managers, to be colonized in Africa, 1o us is man- 
ifest. 

"Our highest moral ambition, at present, should be 
to acquire for our cliildfen a liberal education, giva 
them mechanical trades, &c.; andihus fit and prepare 
them for useful and respectable citizens. 

(Signed) ''A. D. Shad, ^ 

P. Spencer, [■ Committee." 
W. S. Thomas, ) 



Extract from Jfew Bedford Resolutions, Jan. 1S3L. 

"Resolved, That the Society, to effect its purpose, 
the removal of the free people of color, (not the slaves) 
through its agents, teaches the public to believe that it 
is patriotic and benevolent to withhold from us know- 
ledge, and the means of acquiring subsi'stence, and to 
look upon us as unnatural and iUegal residents in this 
country ; and thus, by force of prejudice, if not bv 
law, endeavor to compel us to embark for Africa, uid 
that too, appparently, by our own free will and con 
|cnt. 

(Signed) "R, Johnson, Chairman." 

Jan. 23, 1832. 



Mr. Fisher, member of the Virginia House of Dele- 
gates, says— :"If we wait till the free negroes consent 
to leave the state we shall wait until time is no more. 
They never will give their consent." 

Other resolutions similar to the above, of the same 
persecuted class throughout the United States, show 
how they are writhing beneath the colonization pro- 
cess. , 

4. Have loe any other evidence ? 

The following, from a mass far too voluminous here 
to introduce, is offered: — 

1. — The American Colonization Society is pledged 
not to oppose the system of slavery. 

2. — It apologises for slavery and slave-holders, and 
speaks peace to them in their sins. 

3. — It regards slaves as property. 

4. — It increases the value of^ slaves as slaves. 

5. — It is an enemy to the immediate substitution of 
righteous and equal law, for the unrighteous authority 
of the slave masters. 

G. — It is nourished by fear and selfishness. 

7,— It pretends to aim at the utter expulsion of the 



o 



blacks; that is, of about one-sixth of the whole pop- 
ulation of the United States from their native coun- 
try. 

8. — It disparages, traduces, and persecutes the free 
blacks. 

9. — It prevents the instruction of the blacks. 

10. — It deceives and raisleiids the nation. 

11. — It makes a disijraccful and criminal peacebe- 
tween the advocates oF the blacks and their oppres- 
sors. 

A few words, and but a few, in proof of each of these 
assertions. All who wish for more ample testimony, 
and who feci the dearest interests in time and in eter- 
nity of a multitude of their fellow men, motive enough 
for research, may find such testimony abundantly in a 
pamphlet, for sale at No. 9 Conihill, Boston, United 
States, by Pierce and Parker, and entitled "Thoughts 
on African Colonization," by ^Villiam Lloyd Garrison. 
Price 621 cents, or about 2s. Gd. English. 

1. The ^imerican Colonizaiion Society is pledged oioi 
to oppose the system of slavery. 

"From its origin and throughout the whole period 
of its existence it has constantly disclaimed all inten- 
tion whatever of interfering, in tlic smallest degree, 
with the rights of property, or tlie object of emanci- 
pation, gradual or immediate. Throughout the whole 
period of its existence, tliis disclaimer has been made. 
and incontestible facts establish its truth and sinceri- 
ty." — From a speech by Henry Clay, the champion of the 
Jlmerican Colonization Society. 

2. It apologizes for slaves and slave-holders, and speal:s 
peace to them in their sins. 

" Our brethren of the South have the same sympa- 
thies, the same moral sentiments, the same love of liberty 
as ourselves. By them, as by us, slavery is felt to be 
an evil, a hindrance to our prosperity, and a blot upon 
onr character. But it was in being when they were 
born, and has been ibrced upon them by a previous 
generation." — Rev. Dr. J^'oU. 

3. It recognises slaves as properly. 

"It was proper again and again to repeat that it 
was for, far from the intention of the Society to alfect 
in any manner t!ie tenure by which a certain species of 
property is held, tic was himself a slavc-liolder, and 
he considered that kind of properly as inviolable as any 
in the country." — Henry Clay. 

"Something he must yet be allowed to say, as re- 
garded the object the Society was set up to accom- 
plish. This object, if he miderstood it ari-ht, involved 
no intrusion on property, nor even upon prejudice." — 
jMr. Archer, Voth Report. 

4. It increases the value of slaves, and therefore gives 
the masters nexo moiivcs to retain then. 

"They will contribute more effectually to the con- 
tinuance and strength of this system (i. e. negro slavery) 
by removimg those noio free, than by any or all other 
methods, which can possibly be devised. Such has 
been the opinion expressed by soutliern gentlemen of 
the first talent and distinction." "Our belief is the 
same as theirs." — African Repository, p. 227, vol. 1. 

" The execution of this scheme would augment, in- 
stead of diminishing, the value of property lell behind." 
—Idem, vol. 2,;j. 22. 

5. Itis an enemy to the imniediale substituiion of right- 
eous and equal law, for the unrighteous authority of the 
slave master. 

"To eradicate or remove the evil immediately is 
impossible, nor can any law of conscience govei-n ne- 
cessity." — African Rejwsitory, vol, 1, p. 251. 

" The scope of the Society is large enough, but it 
is nowise mingled or confounded with the broad 



sweeping views of a few fanatics in America, who 
would urge U8 on to the sudden and total abolition of 
slavery." — Idem, vol. 3,;). 197. 

6. It is nourished by fear and selfishness. 

"Anoth.er reason is the pressing and vital impor- 
tance of relieving ourselves as soon as practicable Irom 
this most dangerous eler.icnt in our population." — 14i/t 
Report. 

"To remove these persons from nmong us will in- 
crease the usefulness and improve the moral character 
of those who rfi.'iflin in seri!t/i<(ie, and with wiiose la- 
bors tiie country is unable to dispense." — African Re- 
pository, voL 3, p. 67, 

"Hatred to ihe whites, with the exception in somo- 
cases of an attachment to the person and family of 
the master, is nearly universal among the black popu- 
lalion. "We have then a foe, cherished ! in our very 
bosoms; a fee willing to draw our life blood whenev- 
er the opporttmity is oft'erffd, and in the moan time in 
tPiit upon doing us all the mischief in his j)ower." — 
Souihern Religious Ttlegraph. 

And what wonder, while this foe is cherished, in the- 
the manner in which the poor negro is cherished ! Tlie 
people of the United States are not so remarkable for 
loving to be trampled upon, and for kissing the foot 
v.hich spurns them, that they have any reason for 
sin-prise wiien they find that other men as good as any, 
and with as full and as nnlbrfeitcd a title to social lib- 
erty nsthe best, love to be ti'ampled upon and outraged 
as little as they do. The way to remedy sin is not to 
persist in it, or to substitute one wrong thing for an- 
other. 

7. It covertly aims at the utter expidsion of the blacks, 
that is, about one-sixih cf the whole population of the Uni- 
ted Stales. 

"No schema of abolition will meet with my support 
that leaves the emancipated blacks among us." — Af. 
Rep. vcl. 2, p. 188. 

"How important it i.-^, as it respects our character 
ubrcfid, that wc luistcn to clear our land of our_bIack 
populstion. 

"V7hat rii;ht, I demand, have the children of Africa," 
that is, the colored natives of llie United Slates, "to a 
hemestpad in the rahite matins country,'''' that is, in the 
country which the white man has torn from the red man, 
and from which, after having accomplished all his own 
pofarious purposes v.itli him, he is hastening to exile 
the black? 

"Tiio abolition of slavery was no object of desire to 
him, unless accom])anicd by colonization. So far was 
he from desiring it, unaccompanied witli this condi- 
tion, that ho would not live in a country ivhere the 
one took place widicut the other." — Mr. J\Iercer^s 
Speech in Congress. 

8. It disparages, traduces, and persecutes the free 
blacks. 

"Frep blacksarc agreatcr nuisance than even slaves 
themselves." — Af. Rep. vol. 2, p. 328. 

"The free blacks in our country arc, as a body, more 
vicious and dcgrudedth-dn any otlier which our popula- 
tion embraces." — Idem. vol. 5, p. 24. 

"The increase of a free black population among us 
has been regarded as a greater evil than the increase 
of slaves." — Idem. vol. 3, p. 374. 

"Of all the descriptions of our population, and of 
either portion of the African race, the free people of 
color are by far, as a class, the most corrupt, depraved, 
and abandoned." — Idem. vol. 6, p. 12. 

9. // prevents tlieinstruclion of the blacks. 

"The habits, the feelings, the prejudices of society, 
prejudices wliich neither refinement, nor argument 



11 



Tftor education, nor religion itself, can subdue, mark 
the people of color, whether bond or free, as the subjects 
ot a degradation, inevitabk and incurable.'' 

"Christianity cannot do for thcni here what it will do 
lor them in Africa. This is not the fault of the color- 
ed man, nor of the white man, nor of Cliristianitv, but 
«rt ordmahon of Providence, and no more to be chan-ed 
than the laws of nature!"— ]-,«/, i?f;;orf, )7th pa^-e. ° 

When, ah when, will sinners cease to pahn their 
Bins upon God! 

"If the free colored people were generally tauo-ht to 
read it might be an inducement ta them to remain in 
this country, (that is, in their native country") VVc 
would offer them no such inducement."— So«i/;mi Re- 
digious Telegraph, February 19, 1831. 

"The public safety of our brethren at the .South re- 
•quiresthcm (the slaves) to be kept ignorant and unin- 
gtriicted."- G. P. Disosicay, E^q. an eminent Coloni- 
zanonist. 

"It is the business of the free (their safctv requires 
It) to keep the slaves in ignorance. But a" few davs 
a^go, a proposition was made in the Leo^islature of 
C^eorgia to allow them so much instruction as to ena- 
ble them to road the Bible ; which ^^•as oromptly re- 
^Tl\>}'^. ''l^'^''"''''pnty."~Proceedings of tht^eio 
lorlc btale Colonization Sori-ty at its second anniver- 
sary. 

E.B. Caldwell, the first Secretary of the American 
Colonization Society, m his speech at its formation, re- 
commended them tc\ be kept "in the lowest state of i<r- 
norance and degradation, for (says he) the nearer you I 
bring them to the condition of brutes, the bet t;>r chance 
do )'ou give them of posscssingtheir apathy ! !" 
10, It deceives and misleads the nation. 
At one time the colonizationistssay, ".Qdmittino-that 
the oelonization scheme contemplates the utter aboli- 
tion of slavery, yet that result could only be produced 
by the gradual and slow operation of centHries "— ^f 
rican Repnsitonj, page 217. And yet, by a sche-4 
like this, It satisfies its proselytes that they am doin^ 
their duty, and that they are going to abolish slavery !" 
Again,— Mr. Clay, their champion, savs, "Every 
emigrant to Africa is a missionary, rarryirrT with hiiii 
credentials in the holy cause of civilization, relioion 
and free institutions."- And multitudes believe him ' ' 
Again,— "As to the morals of the colonists I con- 
sider them much better than those of the people of the 
Unrted States. That la, you may take an equal number 
of inhabitants from any section'of the Union, and you 
will lind more drunkards, more profane swearers and 
sabbath breakers, &c. tlian in Liberia. The Sabbath 
13 more strictly observed than I oversaw it in the Uni- 
ted States."— J. Mechlin, Jan. Governor of Liberia. 

Now, leaving magic out of the case, let us allow this 
to be true,and what pitiable and criminal insanity does 
It mark in the United States, to transpon such a peo- 
ple,— or havmcr transported them, nottosend ships of 
the -nation to entreat them l,ack instantly to evan- 
gelize their native country. Or let us deem it false 
and how base and cruel is the decoy, which is thus 
heW out to us, to patronize a system so nefarious. 

The American Colonization Society tells us, that 
the exiles in Liberia consist of emaiicipated slaves But 
this a deception. They consist chiefly of /rce people 
of color. Now why have they not really sent, and onlx, 
sent, emancipated slaves instead of free'people of color 
seeing they have, as they say, so manv thousands of- 
fered to them for that purpose? Will thev i-pply "\Ve 
have sent free people of color, because they are morel 
virtuous, and it was necessary to lay an inteliio-ent and 
virtuous foundation?" Then bnw «K,r,v„„ Jf.A i 



pie of color ! Or will they reply, "Oh, we have made 
a careful selection between the virtuous and vicious?" 
1 hen where wii! the sekction be when they be-^in to 
transport Mr. Clay's six or Jifty-six thousand mifsiona- 
nes yearly ! 

The American Colonization Society pretends that 
It costs but twenty dollars each to send the exiles to 
Liberia. On the tuher liund, we have a report to the 
hinate of the Unilod States, made in 1S2S by Mr 
Tazewell, arguing that the expense must be 100 dol- 
lars per head, perhaps twice as much,— and very con- 
vincing reasons are given in favor of this estimate. 

Again, The American Colonization Society pretcnd«< 
that It has abolished the .\frican slave trade to a vast 
extent. But in their .yrican Repository, vol. 5, p. 274 
I read " It has been declared felony, it has been decla- 
red piracy ; and the fleets of Britain and America have 
been commissioned to drive it from the ocean. Still 
in defiance ol all this array of legislation and arma- 
ment, slave ships ride triumphantly^on the ocean ; and 
in these floating caverns f:om sixty to eighty thou- 
sand wretches are borne annually away to slavery or 
death. Of these wretches a fiiglitful number are, with 
an audacity that amazes, landed and disposed oi with- 
in the jurisdiction of this republic.''' 

"The fact that much was done by Mr. Ashmun to 
banish it from the territory under the colonial juris- 
diction, is unquestionable, but it now exists even on 
'his terrhory ; and a little to the north and south of 
Liberia it is seen in its true characters, of fraud ra- 
pine, and blood. In the opinion of the late ncen't the 
present efforts to suppress this trade must prove abor- 
tive."— 13</t JJnnual Report. 

"Some appalling facts in regard to the slave trade 
have come to ihe knowledge of the Board of iMnna- 
gcrs, during the last year. With undiminished atro- 
city and activity is tl,is odious traffic noiv cnrried on 
all along the African coast. Slave fictories arc -^stab. 
lished in the immediate vicinity of the colony ; and at 
t!)c Gallinas (between Liberia and Sierra Leone) not 
less than 900 slaves were shipped durini; the last 
summer, in the space of three weeks."— 14«A Annual 
Report, 1831. 

And here it may be well to observe, that as long as 
negro slavery lasts, aU colonies on the Jlfrican coast, of 
whal^ever description, must tend to supoortit, because, 
in all commerce, thesupply is more or less proportion- 
ed to the demand. The demand exists in negro sia- 
VRiy ; the supply arises from the African slave trade.— 
And wliat greater convenience could tlie African slave 
traders desire than shops well stored all along the 
coast, with the very articles which theirtrade demands. 
^ hat the African slave traders do get thus supplied at 
ocrra Leone and Liberia is matter of ofhcial evi- 
cencc;+ and we know, I'rom the nature of human 
things, that they ivill ^et so supplied, in defiance ofall 
law or precaution, as long as tlie demand calls for the 
supply, and Ihcre arc free shops stored with all that 
«.hey want at hand. The sli„pkeeper, however ho- 
nest, would find it impossible alivays to distinguish be- 
tween the African slave trader or his agents and other 
dealers. And how many shopkeepers are there any 
wtierc that would he over scrupulous in questioninc a 
customer with a full purse ? it. 

11- The Jimeri,-an Colonization Society makes a dis- 
gracefid and criminal peace between freemen and slave- 
masters. 

One extract may suffice. It is from the 13th Re- 



virtuous foundation ?" Then how'' obvioiTs and'cr^u^l 
IS their slander, a.s above quoted, against the free pco- ' I 



FpnoJ li ^''oL^'V'® fact here stated, see Parliamentary 

hPnH^;„^K- f *' " ^'^'"'^ '^'■"'^''' ^'^"^ L-^"'"'" ordered lo 

be prin ed by the Uonsi ot Commons, Cth April, 133i, pase II 

Mr. Hilary Teai'f. »i &>-»*> 



12 



port, page 12. Mr. Frelinghuysen, one of the finest 
miiuls in tl/e United States, is speaking. 

"Yes, Sir, I ascribe it chiefly to the kindly influence 
of this Society, that the indiscriminate clamors, once 
so liberally dealt out, have all died .ivvay. I hail the 
return of better feelings, of juster vie«s. \Vu now. 
Sir, regard the mischief as of common and universal 
concern. The language of harsh and unjust crimina- 
tion and reproach is succeeded by that of sympathy 
«nd kindness!"— That is, formerly freemen used to 
feel andspeakhke iVeemen, like reallovers of righteous 
liberty, in their intercourse with slave-holders. But 
now the freeman smiles courteously upon the oppres- 
sor of his unoffending brother, and joins in all his 
slave-holding sympatliies! Such is the American Co- 
lonization Society. 

But the free blacks have not always been thus tra- 
duced and persecuted. There have been occasions 
when the truth has been wrung out, and when, under 
the power of the emergency, their persecutors them- 
selves have left an imperishable reeord of their own 
infamy, whenever they -dare to slander, as they are 
doing, this alBicted and outraged class. 

In tlie great plague in Philadelphia, (yellow fever,) 
just after the revolutionary war, the mayor of the city 
officially acknowledged the public gratitude due to 
the free colored people, for their eminent services in 
the very jaws of deatli. 

In the Friend, an American paper of Jan. 28, 1832, 
speaking of the late drcjidful fire in Raleigh, Virginia, 
we read "Too much praise cannot be bestowed on the 
colored population, who used every exertion in their 
power tij be serviceable." 

During the public emergency at Is cw Orleans, in 
the last war, the free colored people \vere called upon 
in conmion with the whiles, and their services were 
thus recorded by General Jackson : — 

"Soldiers,— When on the banks of the Mobile, I 
called you to take up arms, inviting you to partake 
the perils and glory of your white fellow citizens; I ex- 
pected much from you, lor I was noi iynoiunt iliut 
you posecsscd qualities most formidable to an inva- 
ding enemy. I knew with what fortitude you could 
end'iire hunger and thirst, and all the fatigues of a 
campaign. 1 knew well how you loved your naiive 
country%nd that you had, as well as ourselves, to de- 
fend what man holds most dear, his parents, relations, 
wife, children, and property. You have done more 
than I expected. In addition to the previous qualities 
I before knew you to poss(:ss, I find, moreover, among 
you a noble enthusiasm, which leads to the perform- 
ance of great things. 

"Soldiers,— The President of the United States 
shall hear how praiseworthy was your conduct in the 
hourof dancer ; and the lepresentativcs of the Amer- 
ican people will, I doubt not, give you the praise your 
deeds entitle you to. Your Genera! anticipates them 
in applauding your noble ardor. 

"The enemy approaches: his vessels cover our 
lakes ; our brave citizens are untied, and all contention 
has ceased among them. Their only dispute i-^, who 
shall win the prize of valor, or who tiie most glory, its 
noblest reward ? 

" By order, 
(Signed) Thomas Butler, Aid-Jc-Camp."' 

In Philadelphia, by the census of 1S30, the proportion 
of the free colored peophi to the whites, vva:^ about 
one-ninth. Cut in the sanre year, during the lime of 
the greatest need, the proportion of the free colored 
ouT-of-door paupers, receiving regular weekly supplies, 
only about onc-ticenty-thircJ, that is, in proportion to 



their several numbers, there was twice as much ex- 
treme pauperism amongst the whites as amongst the 
free blacks. One causeof this disproportion deserves 
to be particularly noticed ; it is, thai they have numerous 
societies amongst thtmseives for mvlual aid; and this, 
while they are commonly confined to the lowest offices 
of the community, and the most honorable and profit- 
able professions are generally closed against them. 

In the winter of 1S30, wood for fuel became exces- 
sively dear at Rochester, a flourishing town in the 
State of New York. A benevolent society was quick- 
ly formed, and a general visitation commenced. The 
visitors entered in their course the house of a free eol- 
ored laboring man, and found that he was possessed 
cf a large store of the finest wood. They offered to 
purcliase it from him ; he refused ; they tempted him 
with a higher price, he c.ahnly and steadily refused. — 
" But you must let us have it," they said, "for hun- 
dreds of the poor are perishing of cold." " Oh," said 
the man, "is that what you want it for? then take 
half of it freely ! 1 want no price." He gave the 
half, and would reeeive nothing. And these arc the 
people whom the colonizationists are traversing land 
and sea to get transported from their native country- 
Not long ago, our own whites were as insanely crueV 
in principle in our own wretched slave colonies, on- 
ly no process equally cruel had occurred to them for 
the development of their dreadiul insanity. But now, 
righteousness has so far prevailed, tliat these same 
abhorred and slandered free-colored people have been 
placed upon a par in law with the whites ; and thefiist 
men in the assembly of Jamaica, I mean thefiist in 
manly and generous principle, as far as their public 
conduct in the assembly qualifies us to judge of them 
are acluaUy colored men. Yes, the names of Watkis 
and of JNIaundersoii, in these particulars, will live ia 
the hearts of every lover of righteousness, while the 
remembrance ot the supjiorters of slavery, whenever 
truth and law shall prevail over prejudice and tyranny, 
shall present no I'airer picture than that of the felon — 
felons in htiart and in deed, and only not oalleil anil 
treated as felons, for a time, because the luxohss laws 
of their country, thru put darkness for light, and light 
for darkness: i/ifn call evil good, and good evil. Is 
not the African slave trade now called felony ? And' 
what has made it more felony now, than it was while 
\\. was honorable and legal 7 Do human laws alter the 
nature of things, or can man subvert the constitutions 
of his Maker? And what real difference is there be- 
tween negro slavery and the African slave trade ? — 
What, btU that negro slavery is the parent, and the 
African slave trade the child loorthy of its sire. What, 
but that negro slavery is the cause, and the African 
slave trade the consequence worthy of its cause. Is 
not the one as fundamentally as the other, a system of 
rob!)ery and wrong? What article of property in the 
world is so inalienably his, and so sacredly dear to 
everv man, as liis own personal liberty? and if the 
man who purloins my purse, or plunders or burns my 
house — these unspeakably lesser and poorer things — 
be worthy of the last penalty of the law, ni'iuhat is the 
man worthy, whoever lie be, and whatever he the law 
for the time, — ot what, I say, is he worthy who plun- 
ders his uuoffiinding and guiltless neighbor of his per- 
sonal liberty? Or, if this be not felony — felony I 
mean in the nature of tilings — unalterably and ever~ 
lastingly felony — and felony of the highest grade, next 
to intentional and maliimant murder — what is felony? 
Where shall we find right? and what can be wrong? 
Or, what would then be wanting, but the opportuni- 
ty, the power, and the legality, to sanction the most 
atrocious deeds? 



13 



5. — JVoiO, what is our duty ? 

Is it to encourage a society which is riveting; his 
chains upon the unoifending slave ; and which is em- 
bittering and strengtheninj? the most atrocious of all 
prejudices against ihe persecuted free black man? 

Is it to encourage a society, which while it as- 
sails slavery in Africa, is spreading the kindliest sha- 
dow of its wings over a worse slavery in the United 
States ? 

Is it to encourage a society, which can so impudent- 
ly presume upon our ignorance, as to represent alow, 
fertile, moist, and imperfectly cultivated region within 
eight degrees of the equator, as a Paradise of health- 
fulness, to a class of people, tens of thousands of 
whom are the natives of the finest regions of the tem- 
perate climates, and of highly cultivated states ? 

Is it to encourage a society which so daringly tra- 
duces another colony, as to pretend that Liberia is the 
most healthful, while every one who pleases may 
know, that the sea-fiice and the upper settlements of 
the mountain ridge of Sierra Leone, is as healthful 
as Cape Mesurado, and is ten times as extensive; 
while the whole of the remainder, whether of Sierra 
Leone or Liberia, has alike the putrid climate which 
is common all over the world to lands of the same de- 
scription similarly situated' 

Is it to encourage a society, which recognizes the 
right of the slave-master, as a right which ought to be 
soothed ; as a right which righteous law ought not in- 
stantly to overturn, and from rebuking which in its 
pride, truth and love should refrain? 

Is it to encourage a society which carries death to 
the spirit of Christian enterprise, by substituting a 
plan which so harmonizes with wickedness, that sin- 
ners the most unbending in this respect can delight 
in it ? 

Is it to encourage a society which invites us to lend 
our aid to the moral and religious degradation of our 
honored brethren of the United States; to sap with 
their worst enemies the glorious principles of Chris- 
tian truth which nre growing there ; to sanction /rcc 
men in holdina; slaves, and Christians!! in plundering 
without compunction, God's unoffending and pros- 
trate poor? 

But what is our duty ? 

Britons, Christians, awake! The time past of our 
lives is enough to have wrought the will of the Gentiles, 
We ought not to seek, we do not want the aid of Sa- 
tan in doing the work of God. Ours is the business to 
abolish negro slavery in our own colonies, — to abolish it 
instantly and utterly, — to substitute at once, for the 
hncless iav}s which display its guilt and record its infomy, 
laws which shall be worthy of a great, free, and Chris- 
tian people. This is our duty. Every moment that we 
delay, our gtiilt is increasing ; and more and more deep- 
ly is entering into the ears of Jehovah of hosts, the cry 
of the laborer whose wages we are keeping hack by 
fraud : of the slave, whose innocent blood we are shed- 
ding. Britons, Christians, awake ! Still it is day ; still 
the opportunity lasts. Aw-ake! awake! lest, like the 
thunderbolt which ushered in the waters of the Flood, 
the dreadful words should break too late upon our 
ears, " Oh, Britain, Britain! thou that plunderedst my 
unoft'ending poor, and dravedst them by thousands to 
•leatli, thou that reviledstand resistedst them that were 
sent unto thee ; how often would I have gathered thee, 
even as a hengathereth her chickens, but ye would not. 
"Behold, your house is left unto you desolate." — 
Malt, xxiii, 38. 

Let us remember, that prepari^ig to do right is con- 
tinuing to do wrong ; that we cannot serve God and 
tnammon ! In relation to the American Colonization 



Society, let us prove that we love the members which 
compose it, by not suffering sin upon them, but by doing 
all that we can to bring them to repentance, that they 
may neither perish nor destroy ; but may obtain ever- 
asting life, through Him who died that sinners might 
not die ; and who says to us, with all the pathos of 
heavenly love, " Beloved, if God so loved us we ought 
to love one another." 

In relation to the free colored people, if we wish to 
help them, let us help them to be happy in their native 
ountry, instead of helping to drive them voluntarily 
into exile in a distant and barbarous land. Their real 
friends at home are actively aiding them to rise there, 
by assailing the brutal prejudice which outrages them, 
md by helping them with the means of religious, moral, 
and .intellectual culture. Amongst themselves they are 
alert in forming societies for their mutual provision, ed- 
ification and comfort. With the aid of their real friends 
amongst the whites, they are erecting schools and pre- 
paring to found a college. And in view of their present 
legradation through the insane prejudice which outra- 
ges them, and partirularly of the aggravated wrongs to 
which they have become subjected by the horrible 
rowth of colonization principles, they have resolved as 
a body, while the laughing white man still holds his 
processions, and clamors out his joy by ten thousand 
commingled voices on his occasions of revelry,they have 
resolved, I say, when the anniversaries of their few pri- 
vileges return, (the dearer because few) to express theif 
gratitude, without parade and without tumult, to the 
God who is everlastingly the friend of the poor, and the 
avenger of the oppressed. — And shall we join in goad- 
ing such a people as this to fly from their native coun- 
try, — and then cry, even in the face of everlasting truth, 
"They are doing it voluntarily !!!" 

In relation to the enslaved Americans. — Let us give 
what we ca7i give to the societies in the United States 
which seek their emancipation at home, instead of their 
exile far away, amongst an uncivilized people. Let us 
remember that exile is exile though it be belter than 
slavery. And if any defender of slavery, or excuser 
ot s^^ilt, ohouki start up and say, that this is out of the 
question, because the United States Government has no 
legal right to abolish slavery at home, let him know, that 
the United Stiites Government, being eminently a gov- 
ernmetit of public opinion, may be moulded, as it has 
been Ibrmed, by public opinion ; that all that is requi- 
site, is to correct public opinion; that the way to do 
this is not to pander to its wicked nes*, but to assail its 
wickedness by the all-conquering weapons of truth and 
love;"' that meanwhile each State has even now the 
legal title within its own jurisdiction; that tlie free 
people of each State have the power to reform their gov- 
ernments ; and that the genwal government lias already 
the right in its own territory of Columbia. 

Of the New England Anti-Slavery Society, the prin- 
ciples are as unobjectionable as is simple and everlait- 
ing truth. The President is Arnold Buftum ; the Sec- 
retary is William Lloyd Garrison ; the Treasurer, iMi- 
chael H. Simpson, Boston, Massachusetts. The an- 
nual subscription is two dollars, or about nine shillings; 
and the life subscription, fifteen dollars. This is the 
channel in which Christian and British love may flow 
towards the blacks, whether of America or of Africa, 
without inconsistency and without hypocrisy. I say 
of America and of Africa alike : for the cultivation of 
the blacks of the United States, in their own glorious 
country, will better provide for the missionary servkse 
of Africa than all the colonization missionaries in the 
world. 

And if it should yet be said," But the white people of 
the United States are so invincibly the slaves of this most 
bascand cruel prejudice, that they never will availthem- 



14 



sftWes of their glorious privileges to put it down, or to 
give tlieii- goverunieiits the puwer which is requisite," 
our plain answer is,— There are Bibles in America; 
there are minis'ters in America ; God is in America ; 
and Gotl has children in America ; and God can win 
the civilised sinner as well as the savage, to rcpeTitanee. 
It is as true in America as elsewheie, that '• Great is 
truth, and truth shall prevail :" and if the ministers of 
the gospel have not yet proclaimed it, let them hence- 
forward lift up their voice like a trumpet and sh.ow the 
people iheir sms : and let every one who can read open 
his Bible and read, and take his Bible to the poor slave 
who cannot read, and read to liim,— Tiie weapons of 
our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God to 
the pulling down of .-trong holds rca>ting down imagi- 
nations and every high thing that exalteth itself against 
the knowledge of God, and' bringing into captivity ev 
ary thought to the obedience of Christ. 2 Cor. x. 4, 5. 

la relation to Africa itself, let us freely assist 
in pouring missionaries on her shores; btit not 
such missionaries as the American Colonization 
Society recommends. Young women, lorn 
away from liieir country and their friends, that 
their race niity perish from the scenes of their 
childhood ;— thousands, or tens of thousands of 
writhing and untutored minds, who have fled 
into exile in order to escape from slavery ;— 
speculators in commerce, o>- hunters of land, to 
whom commercial or agricultural enterprise is 
dearer far than immortal souls :— multitudes of 
needy and ignorant poor, who can have neither 
leisure nor knowledge to set up for instructors. 
But missionnries, such as Christian lo-^e else- 
where supplies,— such as there are in Liberia, 
— such as there are in Sierra Leone and on the 
Gambia,— such as there are at home and abroad, 
but such as are always few; llie jewel.^ amongst 
mHukind— which can be got wholesale, by 
thousands and tens of thousands, no where. 

And in relation to the people at large of the 
United States, what are they but our t)rethren. 
—of one race and of one sort with ourselves'? 
Where is the man in Britain who has not a fa- 
ther, moth.er, brother, sister, friend, in the Uni- 
ted Slates? Who but thev are sending out with 
us the glorious Bible over the whole world'? 
Who keep pace with us, or go before us, but 
they, in every effort of (i^hristian love? From 
whence, like the United Slates, do we hear the 
soul hunrbling and soul ennobling voice of Re 
visa's? And do we not owe our Temperance 
Societies to ihem ? Shall we then foster in the 
United States a source of ruin, beneath which 
we ourselves are writhing, and to the deadly 
guilt of whicii we have awakened? Shall we 
encourage the United States in stiffening their 
necks against God and against their unoflbnd- 
ing brother ? Shall we speak peace to the op- 
pressor wiide he is impenitent? Or shall we as- 
sist in outraging the vveakbecause the strong in- 
vite us courteously to their whitewashed revel ? 
No. The United States are worthy of better 
things. By the ties of blood,— by the stronger 
ties of love, woven for ever around many of 
our hearts,— by the ties of Christ stronger than 
all,— we owe better things to the United States. 
Let us 'remonstrate with them ; let us rebuke 



them even as brother rebukes tbebrotherwhom' 
he loves; let us recal them to Jesus, from whose 
word and whose example, in this respect, they 
tre so fearfully wandering ; let us set them the 
example even as t!ie father should set the exam- 
ple of all righteousness to the child of his heartj 
and if they wiU still cause the poor negro to per- 
ish ; if they will still refuse to allow him any 
alternative but slareri/, persecution, or e.ri'Ze, let 
ihe applause and llie reward be theirs alone.— 
We shall have cleared our skirls of their blood, 
in having done all that we could do U) win them 
to repentance and to love. Of their blood did I 
say? And will they die? I cannot believe it. 
Truth is striding forth in his glory amongst 
them ; love has softened, and is softening, many 
of their proudest hearts. The Gospel is pro- 
claimed in their ears by men like Paul : and 
from the gray hair and fromthe lisping lip ; from 
the vigor of maturity and from the freshness of 
youth ; where tlie sunrise assembly is convened 
for pntyer, and where the silence of the closet 
witnesses the communion between His children 
and their God, a heart-voice is arising from 
black and white alike that never rises in vain. 
No: the people of the United States— Davids in 
the matter of Uriah, though they be, in rela- 
tion to the black man— the people of the United 
States cannot perish ; for there are praying souls 
amongst them, souls that agonize for their peo- 
ple, with their God. And even now, perhaps, 
some Nathan is receiving hiscommission to cry, 
with converting i)0wer, to the slave-master, and 
to the colonizationist, "Thou art the man !" 

Finally : Let not the colored man, whether 
enslavcd'or free, be discouraged. God left Ids 
own clio.-^en people 400 years in Egypt, (Gen. 
XV. 13.) while the Egyptians and Amorites 
were, year by year, filling up the measure of 
their iniquities and making themselves altogeth- 
er meet for destruction. The same God is God 
still, and still the poor and oppressed are as 
much his care as ever ; and still as much as ev- 
er Heresistelh the proud, and is the enemy of 
the oppressor. Bear up, brethren ! God has 
children and servants both amongst yoursebes 
and abroad, who enter into all y(nir sympathies, 
and who are carrying you on their hearts in 
prayer, to His mercy seat. Take courage!— 
verdant as the bay-leaf, though be the flourish- 
ing of the wicked for a season, yet he shall per- 
ish. He is hcapivfr treasure tog-ether for- the 
last days. James v. 3. Thus saith the Lord, 
"I, even I, am He that comforteth you. Who 
art thou, that thou shouldst be afraid of a man 
that shall die, and of the son of man who shall 
be made as grass ; and forgettest the Lord thy 
Maker, that "hath stretched forth the heavens 
and laid the foundations of the earth, and fear- 
est continually every day because of the fury 
of the oppressor, as if he were ready to de- 
stroy. And where is the fury of the oppres- 
sor f" Isa. li, 12, 13. 

Be of goood courage, brethren ! Christianity 
is shaking off its du?t; the rottenness of the 



15 



•\vhitcd sepulchres is coming out ; the gospel is 
resuming its healing power ; there is balm in 
Gilead ; there is a physician there. The mor 
al sense of the world is awakening ; — Despo 
tism is quailing — Falsehood is uncovering — 
Truth is about to triumph — Liberty to i)e re- 
stored — and Prejudice, that fiend of darkness, 
tluU bane of the earth, tliat brand oftlie Avhite 
luan, searing iiini wish infamy ; that bane of 
the black man, tightening his chains or con 
demning him to exile — Prejudice shall be abol 
ished, and over it, as over Babylon, soon shall 
be written, "Prejudice, the tyrant of the tyrant 
the waster of the poor — the liar — the coward— 
tiie mother of abominations, is fallen, is fallen !' 

And here, in concluding, let us once more 
advert to the alternative mentioned in page 5, 
viz. — open butchery, — emancipation and incor 
poration, — abandonment of the country by the 
masters, — or draining off the blacks, by trans- 
porting them to a dislant and barbarous land. 

And, while we admire and adore the benevo 
lent design of an all-gracious God, as manifested 
in South America, by the emancipation and 
amalgamation of the whole colored race ; let us 
abhor and reject the object of the American 
Colonization Society, which would frustrate 
those benevolent designs, and keep the family 
of man asunder, by preventing the increase of 
the colored people, whether enslaved or free, and 
by getting rid of their finest minds, that those, 
who remain behjnd, inay always continue a 
separate and degraded class. 

?I3" To Peter IMorse, Roswell Allen, Ebene- 
7.er Sanger, Asahcl Bacon, and Andrew T. Jud- 
son, select men of the town of Canterbury, in the 
State of Connecticut, 

We commend a careful perusal of and special at- 
tention to, the first clause of the second section of the 
fourth article of the Gonstltution of the United States, 
which " We the People" liavc ordained and esti 
lished ; and which the tyranny or cupidity of any hody 
of men, will liardly he allowed to trample under foot 
It read.s thus : — 

" The citizens of each state shall be enthled to 
all privileges and immunities of citizens in the 
several States." 



AFRICAN COLONIZATION. 



IX AMERICA. 

" Can any one doubt 
wheflier preient good re 
suits, and will result, from 
the measures of the Colo- 
nization Society ? Is it not 
too evident to admit of doubt 
that the condition of the 
colonists is improved by 
their settling in Africa? — 
To doubt of this is about 
the same as to doubt wheth- 
er freedom, with all its at- 
tendant blessings, is prefer- 
able to the degraded condi- 
tion of the free people of co- 
lor in this country. As soon 



IN LIBERIA. 

" Tlie colonists are very 
ignorant of every thing about 
the interior : except of the 
tribes along the coast nothing 
at all is known, and of them 
little but their manner of traf- 
fic. Nothing has been done 
for the natives, hitherto, by 
the colonists, except to edu- 
cate a few who were in their 
families in the capacity of ser- 
vants. The natives are, as 
to wealth and intellectual 
cultivation, related to the col- 
onists as the negro in Ameri- 
ca is to the white man — and 



as they step foot on the so- 
ciety's territory, they are re- 
leased t>om the oppression 
of CONTEMPT ; realize the 
importance of the change 
in their circumstances ; feel 
the dignity and responsibil- 
ty of free men ; have the 
means of education, and of 
nrquiring property put into 
their hands ; and while they 
respect themselves, are re- 
spected by every body else. 
It is equally evident that 
the country to which they 
emigrate is made better 
by them. The vicinity of 
a well-regulated communi- 
ty must have a salutary in- 
fluence upon the natives, 
and has already exerted 
such an influence to a con- 
siderable extent." — Chris- 
tian Advocate. ^- Journal, 
(N.York, May 10,1833.) 



this fact, added to their mode 
of dress, which consists of 
nothing usually but a hand- 
kerchief around the loins, 
leads to the same distinc- 
TiojT as exists in America 
between colors. A colonist 
of any dye (and many there 
are of a darker hue than the 
Vey or Dey, or Croo, or Bas- 
soo,) would, if at all respect- 
able, think himself degraded 
by marrying a native. The 
natives are in fact menials — I 
mean those in town — and sor- 
ry am I to be obliged to say, 
that from my limited observa- 
tion, it is evident, that as little 
effort IS made by the colonislx 
to elevate /hem, as is usucdly 
made by the higher classes in 
the United States to better the 
condition of the lower. Such 
I suppose will ever be the 
case, when men are not actu- 
ated by a pure desire to do 
good." 

" It requires no <;reat keen- 
ness of observa.'ion, to see 
tho cause why the colony is 
not more prosperous. But 
two or throe hitherto have 
done any thing scaucely tow- 
ards agriculture. The weal- 
thy find it easier to trade; 
the poor suppose it degra- 
ding." — Letter of Rev. J. B. 
Pinney, missionary to Africa, 
(Liberia, Feb. 20, 1S33.) 
llCP Which is right ? Professor Durhin, who 

writes three thousand miles from Liberia — or Rev. J. B. 

Pinney OM tAe ground? 

At a public meetincj of the people of color at the 
Wcsleyan Church, Philadelphia, on Thursday eve- 
ning,8th insf. Joseph Cassey was called tothecliair,and 
Wm. Wliippey appointed Sec. After an ajipropriate 
prayer, by Rev. C. Gardner, and the objectsofthe meet- 
ing stated by the chairman, Mr. David Rugeles ad- 
dressed the meeting in behalf of "The Emancipator." 

Mr. F. A. Idintoii addressed the meeting in a verv 
spirited manner showing the importance of supporting 
the Press which is open for our defence. 

Joseph Cassey, Chairman. 

Wm. Whippey, Sec'y. 

Idr" A new monthly publication, entitled the ".^Ji- 
ti Slavery Reporter,'' will be issued at the office of the 
Emancipator in a few days. The first No. will con- 
tain Stuart's Prejudice Vincible, &c. Price $30 per 
1000, $4 per 100, or 6 cts single. 

For sale at the principal book stores. 

^Ixt ISmaiTctpiTttsr. 

published and edited by 
C H A R li E S W. O E N I S O IV . 

" The Emancipator" will be printed with fair, small 
type, on a super royal sheet, and published in N. York, 
every Saturday. Besides original and selected arti- 
cles on the subject of slavery, religious, literary, mis- 
cellaneous, and news items, of a valuable character 
will find place. 

The conditions of publication are $2 00 per annum, 
[three copies for $5,] payable in advance. 



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